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At the 18th session of the United Nations Group of Experts on= Geographical Names in Geneva in 1996 a Working Group on Toponymic Data Exc= hange Formats and Standards was formed to investigate and recommend require= ments, standards and formats which were available for the encoding, process= ing, international exchange and promotion of nationally standardized geogra= phical names for international use.
The Working Group completed a survey of requirements for the text encodi= ng of nationally approved and standardized geographical names and a review = of the suitability of existing standards. The International Organizat= ion for Standardization (ISO) in conjunction with the Unicode Consortium ha= d developed the 16-bit International Standard ISO/IEC 10646 as a solution f= or the problem of encoding text in a multilingual information processing en= vironment.
The Working Group concluded that most romanized geographical names could= be encoded using this standard.
For more information on text encoding and Unicode, click here
Statistics Canada=E2=80=99s 2011 Census identified more than 60 Indigeno= us languages in Canada, and the number of officially recognized geographica= l names in these languages is constantly growing. The Secretariat of the Ge= ographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) manages and maintains the Canadian = Geographical Names Database (CGNDB), and has developed solutions for displa= ying these geographical names. While many languages are properly represente= d using the Latin alphabet (used for English and French), other Indigenous = languages require the use of diacritics or syllabics in order to properly s= pell and represent the geographical names used by Indigenous communities. T= he attached paper (see below) describes efforts by Natural Resources Canada= (NRCan) to represent Indigenous geographical names in Canada. Efforts were= expanded tremendously when the CGNDB was converted to the UTF-8 encoding (= or Universal Coded Character Set Transformation Format =E2=80=93 8-bit).
How UTF-8 revolutionized the Writing of Indigenous Geographical Names (= in English)
UTF-8 a r=C3=A9volutionn=C3=A9 l'=C3=A9criture des = langues autochtones (in French)